SOHC stands for Single Overhead Camshaft. In the context of motorcycles, SOHC refers to an engine design where a single camshaft is located above the cylinder head to operate the intake and exhaust valves.
The camshaft is responsible for opening and closing the valves at the correct timing in relation to the engine's rotation. In an SOHC configuration, there is a single camshaft that is driven by the crankshaft through a timing chain or belt. The camshaft, in turn, actuates the valves directly or through rocker arms.
Compared to other engine configurations like DOHC (Dual Overhead Camshaft), which has two camshafts—one for intake valves and one for exhaust valves—SOHC engines are generally simpler and more compact. However, DOHC engines can often provide greater valve control and higher engine performance due to separate camshafts for each set of valves.
SOHC engines are commonly found in various motorcycle models, especially in entry-level or middle-range bikes, where simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and ease of maintenance are important factors. They can provide adequate power and performance while being more affordable to produce and maintain compared to engines with more complex valve train arrangements.