Motorcycle racers are able to lean their motorcycles significantly without tipping over due to a combination of factors, including physics, technique, and specialized equipment. Here are some key elements that allow racers to lean so far:
Centripetal Force: When a motorcycle leans into a turn, a centripetal force acts on the bike, pulling it toward the center of the turn. This force is generated by the combined effect of the tires' grip on the road surface, the bike's forward momentum, and the rider's body position. The centripetal force helps maintain stability and prevents the motorcycle from tipping over.
Body Positioning: Racers adopt specific body positions to maintain balance and control while cornering. By leaning their bodies off the bike, toward the inside of the turn, they can counterbalance the motorcycle's lean and shift the center of gravity lower, enhancing stability. This technique is known as "hanging off" or "body English."
Countersteering: Countersteering is a technique where the rider applies a slight steering input in the opposite direction of the intended turn. For example, to initiate a right turn, the rider briefly pushes the handlebar to the left. This action causes a momentary imbalance that allows the motorcycle to lean into the turn. Once the lean is established, the rider maintains control through subtle steering inputs and body positioning.
High-Performance Tires: Motorcycle racers often use high-performance tires with excellent grip to maintain traction during aggressive cornering. These tires are designed with specialized compounds and tread patterns that provide maximum contact with the road surface, allowing racers to push the limits of lean angles.
Suspension and Chassis Setup: Proper suspension and chassis setup play a crucial role in enabling racers to lean their motorcycles aggressively. Suspension components, including adjustable forks and rear shocks, help maintain stability and control by absorbing bumps and maintaining tire contact with the road.
It's important to note that motorcycle racing involves highly skilled riders who undergo extensive training and practice to develop the techniques required for extreme lean angles. The combination of physics, technique, and equipment allows racers to push the boundaries of motorcycle lean angles while maintaining control and stability.